Bachelor of Science in Business

This introductory module introduces principles of economic analysis related to aggregate employment, income, and prices. Fundamental economic ideas and the operation of the economy on a large scale are addressed. Students will also analyse various monetary policies, including banking systems and the government systems like the U. S. Federal Reserve. Topics addressed in the module include: production, distribution and consumption of goods and services, the exchange process, the role of government, the national income and its distribution, GDP, consumption function, savings function, investment spending, the multiplier principle and the influence of government spending on income and output.

In this module, students will learn to use statistics within a quantitative framework to utilise data for describing, summarising and modelling issues within a business setting. The module provides students with fundamental concepts of probability, random variables and their distributions, and then applies them to provide the theoretical foundation for data analysis through statistical modelling, estimation and hypothesis testing. These concepts are introduced through case studies to emphasise real-world applications. Topics include: design of experiments, descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation, the normal distribution, the binomial distribution, correlation and regression, sampling, estimation, and testing of hypotheses.

In this introductory module, students will learn about human behaviour in organisations. These behaviours are mainly explained in reference to psychological mechanisms, situational factors, individual differences, and group phenomena that influence the way people interact. As such, Organisational Behaviour is an applied science that builds on contributions from a number of different disciplines, particularly psychology, social psychology, sociology, and anthropology. The module will especially emphasise the psychological and social psychological factors that influence behaviour in organisations. Additionally, students will gain an understanding of factors that affect employee satisfaction and performance. Topics may include: motivation; rewarding behaviour; stress; individual and group behaviour; conflict; power and politics; leadership; job design; organisational structures; decision making; communication; and organisational change and development.

This module serves as a basic introduction to the properties and applications of functions, linear systems, and probability for students in business and the social sciences. Topics covered throughout the module are derived from algebra (linear equations, quadratic equations, functions and graphs, inequalities), mathematics of finance (simple and compound interest, annuities), linear programming, matrices, systems of linear equations. The modules will focus on mathematical applications to management, economics, and business.

This introductory module provides a general understanding of basic microeconomic concepts. Specifically, it introduces students with the study of individual consumers, groups of consumers, and firms. The module will focus on how individuals make decisions that affect their income and wealth, how firms make decisions that affect profits and production, and how government regulation affects individuals and firms. Topics addressed in the module include: supply and demand; price controls; public policy; the theory of the firm; cost and revenue concepts; forms of competition; elasticity; and efficient resource allocation.

Industry Experience I is a form of experiential learning that enables students to apply their academic knowledge in a professional context. Students engage with real-word issues related to business by completing an approved internship. During the internship, students work on tasks that meet the needs of the organisation, guided by an on-site supervisor. Internships must entail significant leadership opportunities. Students complete online modules under the supervision of a faculty advisor. Pre-work includes instruction in communication, goal-setting, and professional development. During the industry experience, students submit bi-weekly written reflections on their personal goals and challenges. At the end of the term, students obtain written feedback from their organisation supervisor. They also submit a final report which describes the problem statement, approaches/methods used, deliverables, and skills gained. Industry Experience culminates in a final presentation which is shared as a public blog post.

In this introductory module, students will be introduced to the field of business administration and its various sub-disciplines. The interdisciplinary components of business will be a focus of this module as viewed through context-based study that is informed by organisational structures and market environments.Because business is a problem-oriented discipline focusing on issues within organisations (how does an organisation set different goals and objectives?) and the interaction and relationship of the business with its surrounding (how do political factors affect the business?), this module will be context-based, using cases and examples presenting current developments and challenges faced by businesses. Topics may include: the global context of business (business environments and business types); the business of managing; people in organisations (HumanResource Management, leadership and teams); managing information(IT); principles of marketing and finance; and political, social, economic, technological and ethical considerations affecting business. This module will provide basic knowledge on business preparing students for more specialised modules.

Throughout this module, students will learn how to identify potential business opportunities, determine what constitutes a good business model, and to strategically implement a business proposal. Additionally, students will explore the financing and financial management of entrepreneurial new ventures. Students will develop skills related to the financial management of new ventures (forecasting cash flows, cash flow management, valuation, capital structure) and the various financial methods and mechanisms available to entrepreneurs (bootstrapping, angel investors, venture capitalists, IPOs). Additional topics of focus include an overview of the entrepreneurial process, determinants of venture success in high tech and other business environments, and strategies for industry entry and venture growth.

In this module, students will learn about the evolving role business plays in society. Additionally, students will explore how businesses are able to create value for society. Through the perspective of various stakeholders, students will analyse important business issues and develop a nuanced understanding of the many relationships between corporations, governments, NGO’s, market economies and civil society. Moreover, students will begin the process of developing professional ethics in harmony with their own personal values and learn how to articulate, defend, and reflect critically on a point of view.

This module will introduce students to fundamental concepts in corporate finance and provide an understanding of basic financial calculations.The module also aims to provide a basis for further studies related to managerial responsibilities and financial markets. Students enrolled in this module will expand their confidence in performing financial calculations, communication, team-work, and presentation skills to support their activity during the course. Topics in the module may include issues such as financial markets and systems, investment decisions, debt financing, and capital structure.

This advanced module provides a more focused approach to microeconomic theory. Students will study in more depth consumer and producer behaviour, partial and general equilibrium, behaviour under uncertainty, game theory and asymmetric information. Throughout the module, students will engage with the fundamental methods and theories of microeconomics, and be provided with the tools and concepts required to understand scientific papers at the forefront ofmicroeconomic theory research.

In this advanced module, students will engage with professional, technical literature, to provide a sketch of approaches and positions on issues of macroeconomic policy and theory, and to provide practice with the models and tools used by macroeconomists. Throughout this modules, students will focus primarily on two issues: (i)developing positive models in order to understand the dynamics of key macroeconomic variables such as output, employment, unemployment ,inflation, interest rates, etc.; and (ii) deriving normative prescriptions for macroeconomic policymaking, in particular regarding the appropriate setting of fiscal and monetary policies. By the end of the module students will have learned how to set up, solve, and work with quantitative versions of economic models.

In this advanced module, students will refine their skills using statistics within a quantitative framework to utilise data for describing, summarising and modelling issues within a business setting. The module provides students with greater depth on concepts of probability, random variables and their distributions, and then applies them to provide the theoretical foundation for data analysis through statistical modelling, estimation and hypothesis testing. These concepts are introduced through case studies to emphasise real-world applications. Students will also gain experience using platform R, a free, open-source, library of functions for object-oriented statistical programming. Topics include: design of experiments, descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation, the normal distribution, the binomial distribution, correlation and regression, sampling, estimation, and testing of hypotheses.

Industry Experience II is a form of experiential learning that enables students to apply their academic knowledge in a professional context. Students engage with real-word issues related to business by completing an approved internship. During the internship, students work on tasks that meet the needs of the organisation, guided by an on-site supervisor. Internships must entail significant leadership opportunities. Under the direction of the course instructor, students may elect to complete their internship for Industry Experience II at the same location as Industry Experience I, but they must be in a different department or be assigned a different responsibility with a new on-site supervisor.Students complete online modules under the supervision of a faculty advisor. Pre-work includes instruction in communication, goal-setting, and professional development. During the industry experience, students submit bi-weekly written reflections on their personal goals and challenges. At the end of the term, students obtain written feedback from their organisation supervisor. They also submit a final report which describes the problem statement, approaches/methods used, deliverables, and skills gained. Industry Experience culminates in a final presentation which is shared as a public blog post.

In general terms, financial accounting is the measurement of economic activity for decision-making. Financial statements are a key product of this measurement process and an important component of firms’ financial reporting activities. The objective of this module is to help students become intelligent readers of the financial reports of most publicly traded companies. Students will learn the development, analysis, and use of these reports by focusing on what these reports contain, what assumptions and concepts accountants use to prepare them, and why they use those assumptions and concepts. Topics include: balance sheets, income statements, statements of cash flows, and statements of stockholders’ equity. Particular attention is paid to how these four statements relate to each other and how they provide information about the operating performance and financial health of a company. The module also covers specific items from the financial statements and applies tools of analysis whenever possible.

The focus of this module is to provide an overview of major technology trends and emerging technologies that affect the way businesses are conducted across a broad set of industries. Students will study various business technology positions/roles, fundamental technologies and their application in business and how major technology trends are transforming how business functions. Students will also be provided with an overview of the IT or Technology sector by exploring the major industry groups that compose it. Having knowledge of both the technology sector and the types of positions/roles that exist for individuals and teams within it, as well as with the major technology trends influencing every sector, will provide students with an understanding of the professional opportunities afforded to themselves and their future teams through technology.

This module introduces students to supply chain operations in a global environment from a managerial perspective. The module will focus on strategies for the analysis, management, and improvement of supply chain processes. Topics include: inventory and information management, distribution and transportation, global operations, supplier management, management of product variety, and electronic supply chains. Additionally, students will develop the skills necessary to evaluate a current supply chain and recommend design changes to supply chain processes

In this module, students will examine the business function of marketing. It presents both the practical 'how' and the fundamental 'why' of marketing activities in the light of contributions from behavioural science, economics, and statistics. Students will learn how marketers deliver value in satisfying customer needs and wants, determine which target markets an organisation can best serve, and decide upon appropriate products, services, and programs to serve these markets. Topics include: branding and product development, pricing strategies, marketing research, promotion, supply chain management and service marketing. Marketing metrics will be used throughout the module to assess the impact of marketing strategies.

Data science is applicable to a myriad of professions, and analysing large amounts of data is a common application of computer science. This module empowers students to analyse data, and produce data-driven insights. It covers all areas needed to solve problems involving data, including preparation (collection and integration), presentation (information visualization), analysis (machine learning), and products (applications). This module is a hybrid of a computing course focused on Python programming and algorithms, and a statistics course focusing on estimation and inference. It begins with acquiring and cleaning data from various sources, including the web, APIs, and databases. Students then learn techniques for summarizing and exploring data with spreadsheets, SQL, R, and Python. They also learn to create data visualizations and practice communication and storytelling with data. Finally, students are introduced to machine learning techniques of prediction and classification, which will prepare them for various business applications. Throughout the module, students will work with real datasets (e.g., economic data) and attempt to answer questions relevant to their lives. The course culminates in a project where students build and share a data application to answer a real-world question.

Upon completion of this course, you will gain a deep understanding of how business analytics supports data-driven decision-making in an evolving business landscape. You will explore key analytics frameworks, learning how organisations leverage data to navigate uncertainty and drive strategic growth. Through practical applications, you will differentiate between various data-driven techniques and examine their real-world implementation across industries such as banking and healthcare. Additionally, you will critically assess the challenges and ethical considerations of integrating analytics tools into business processes, equipping you to apply these insights effectively in your organisation.

This course provides a strategic and practical foundation for leading digital transformation in contemporary organisations. It equips learners with the tools to evaluate emerging technologies, manage digital disruption, and deliver successful transformation initiatives. Key frameworks help participants assess the risks and opportunities of adopting technologies such as AI, cloud computing, IoT, and blockchain, while distinguishing hype from real value. Drawing on Oxford research, the course explores critical success factors for implementation, including stakeholder engagement, communication, and trust-building. A significant focus is placed on cyber risk and resilience, with learners developing the skills to identify vulnerabilities, assess impact using the CIA triad, and lead with a cybersecurity mindset. The course also prepares learners to communicate risk effectively with senior leadership and align digital innovation with organisational strategy and values. Through scenario-based learning and applied exercises, participants build confidence to lead change, foster organisational resilience, and ensure that digital transformation efforts create long-term value and impact.

Upon completion of this programme, you will develop fluency in the fundamental frameworks and analytical tools needed to effectively assess an organisation's strategic landscape. Through a blend of theoretical exploration and practical application, you'll gain the ability to develop insightful strategic recommendations for organisational success. Additionally, you will develop the knowledge and skills to analyse and improve how work is performed in your organisation.

Upon completion of this programme, you will develop a customer-centric and future-oriented marketing mindset to promote sustainable growth in your organisation, or organisations you might work with in the future. Additionally, you will delve into the foundational topic of finance and economics-valuation. You will gain a comprehensive understanding of how key concepts are applied in financial decision-making and investment strategies.

Throughout this module, students will develop skills related to fact-based communication. Students will learn and implement best practices for conveying to others their understanding or framing of situations with the use of various forms of data. This includes the communication of issues and values to be considered as well as the objectives, action alternatives, contingencies, and uncertainties related to the data. Additionally, students will learn techniques for interpreting facts and data objectively to turn them into information, so that information can be turned into decisions, and decisions into results.

In this module, students will gain experience with both ethical and legal issues related to business. Students will engage with legal theories, explore ethical scenarios, and gain familiarity with regulatory issues affecting business policies, procedures and decisions. The module provides an introduction to laws related to intellectual property and consumer protection. Additionally, students will develop skills in reading,analysing, and drafting contracts.

During the capstone experience, students will produce a proposal (2000-2500 words) of the formal capstone project which includes details of their project scope, research question, hypothesis, and project plan. Additionally, students will implement their proposed project with the support of a supervisor. Students with a common supervisor will be put into capstone advisory peer groups and will be required to meet with their group and supervisor regularly to update each other on their capstone progress and to provide feedback. Upon completion of their capstone projects, all students will be required to participate in a capstone symposium at the end of the term, where they will present their projects to internal and external stakeholders on the following requirements:

1. Project scope

2. Research Question

3. Hypothesis

4. Project plan

Final written capstone projects will be approximately 6500-7000 words.

Overall, the module is designed to provide students with a challenging,

hands-on learning experience that prepares them for their future

academic and professional endeavours. By integrating their knowledge

and skills in a practical, real-world context, students are able to

demonstrate their mastery of the subject matter and develop the critical

thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration skills that are essential for

success in their chosen field.

Students will learn the causes and consequences of industry structure and firm profitability, and the underlying economics, principally in the context of strategic decisions made by various organisations. Additionally, students will engage with the strategic imperatives of competitive markets, the sources and dynamics of competitive advantage, managing competitive interactions, and the organisational implementation of business strategy. Topics addressed in the module include: price theory (demand, costs, and welfare economics), industrial organisation concepts (forms of market competition, barriers to entry and exit, exclusive dealing and other forms of contracting), anti-competitive tactics and antitrust, pricing with market power, non-price competition, platform competition and two-sided markets, intellectual property and dynamic competition, and problems and solutions arising due to information asymmetries and transaction costs.

This module is designed to develop a thorough knowledge and understanding of the effective management of people. Students will learn the theoretical origins of human resource management, the emergence of HR strategy and the relationship between business strategy and HR management strategy. The module will focus on discussing and analysing important HR management activities such as planning, recruitment and selection, training and development, absence and retention management, reward and performance and exit management. Students will develop the knowledge and skills required for the integration of HR policies into an effective HR management strategy.

Throughout this module, students will learn how to identify potential business opportunities, determine what constitutes a good business model, and to strategically implement a business proposal. Additionally, students will explore the financing and financial management of entrepreneurial new ventures. Students will develop skills related to the financial management of new ventures (forecasting cash flows, cash flow management, valuation, capital structure) and the various financial methods and mechanisms available to entrepreneurs (bootstrapping, angel investors, venture capitalists, IPOs). Additional topics of focus include an overview of the entrepreneurial process, determinants of venture success in high tech and other business environments, and strategies for industry entry and venture growth.

The Capstone Research Methods module supports students in developing critical research skills that are needed for the successful completion of their capstone project. The course provides students with an overview of the research process and types of capstone projects that they can undertake, and includes a detailed exploration of relevant quantitative and qualitative research methods. Students will develop skills in data gathering and analysis, researching and writing an effective literature review, creating a research proposal, and managing ethical considerations with regards intellectual property rights and research with human subjects.At the conclusion of the course, students will be required to submit their formal capstone project proposal which should include details of their project scope, research question, hypothesis, and project plan. Their proposal must receive a passing mark before they are allowed to undertake the capstone course in the final term of the degree program.

In this module, students will develop specialised and multidisciplinary capacities to generate creative solutions and alternatives to existing business issues by refining their ability to lead processes that stimulate and manage innovation in a business. Students will reflect critically on templates and methods for designing, implementing, and assessing processes that introduce innovation and creativity to real work situations. The module will engage with both theoretical frameworks and practical methods or tools for cultivating practices of creativity in response to real business challenges. Ultimately, the module cultivates skills for autonomous managers to lead innovative projects, people, and ventures, and to oversee the processes that keep them on track.

Throughout this module, students will learn the concepts, skills and knowledge required to develop and implement an effective operational plan that supports and achieves the strategic objectives of an organisation. Students will learn how to make strategic goals and to turn them into specific sequenced activities. Techniques for the allocation of appropriate resources, including an organisation’s budget, time, and workforce, will be addressed. Moreover, students will refine communication skills related to consulting with appropriate stakeholders as they formulate and analyse business plans. Techniques for identifying potential risks associated with business plans and the development of comprehensive contingency plans will also be addressed.